Interstitial nephritis is a condition characterized by the disease of renal
interstitial tissue and a kidney disorder in which the spaces between the kidney
tubules become swollen. Acute interstitial nephritis is an important cause of
acute renal failure resulting from immune-mediated tubulointerstitial injury,
initiated by medications, infection, and other causes. Acute interstitial
nephritis may be implicated in up to 15 percent of patients hospitalized for
acute renal failure. Therefore, knowing the causes of Interstitial Nephritis is
not only benefit for treating this disease but also preventing renal
failure.
The hallmark of AIN is the infiltration of inflammatory cells within the
renal interstitium, with associated edema, sparing the glomeruli and blood
vessels. Interstitial fibrosis is initially sparse, but develops later in the
course of the illness. Fibrotic lesions may be diffuse or patchy, beginning deep
in the renal cortex, most prominently at the medullocortical junction. The
inflammatory infiltrate is typically composed of mononuclear cells and T
lymphocytes, with a variable number of plasma cells and eosinophils. Eosinophils
may be totally absent from the infiltrate or may concentrate in small foci,
forming eosinophilic microabscesses. According to its pathology, its causes
include:
◆Allergic reaction to a drug (acute interstitial allergic nephritis)
◆Autoimmune disorders such as anti-tubular basement membrane disease,
Kawasaki’s disease, Sjogren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, or Wegener’s
granulomatosis
◆Infections
◆Long-term use of medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), aspirin, and
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). This is called analgesic
nephropathy.
◆Side effect of certain antibiotics (including penicillin, ampicillin,
methicillin, sulfonamide medications, and others)
◆Side effect of other medications such as furosemide, thiazide diuretics,
omeprazole, triamterene, and allopurinol
◆Too little potassium in your blood
◆Too much calcium or uric acid in your blood
Knowing the causes of Interstitial Nephritis, we must prevent them in our
dialy life.
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