Water-soluble vitamins
Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis reduce water-soluble B and C vitamins. Renal diets also tend to be low in B vitamins and vitamin C. The easiest way to replace these vitamins without getting too much is by taking a special renal multivitamin once a day. Be sure to take it after hemodialysis on treatment days.
If you take over-the-counter vitamins, read the label. Over-the-counter vitamins often have 1,000% to 2,000% of the RDA of some B vitamins — and these high doses could be toxic to someone whose kidneys don't work. Look for B vitamin levels of about 100% of the U.S. recommended daily allowance (RDA). The exceptions are two B Vitamins that help red blood cell formation: folic acid and vitamin B-6. These are recommended for dialysis patients at levels several times the RDA.
Limit vitamin C to about 60 mg per day. High levels of vitamin C can cause oxalate crystals to form in people with reduced kidney function.
B and C Vitamins
|
Amount
|
% of RDA
|
Vitamin B-1 (Thiamin)
|
1.5 mg
|
100%
|
Vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin)
|
1.7 mg
|
100%
|
Vitamin B-3 (Niacin)
|
20 mg
|
100%
|
Vitamin B-6 (Pyridoxine)
|
10 mg
|
500%
|
Folic Acid
|
1 mg
|
250%
|
Vitamin B-12 (Cobalamin)
|
6 mcg
|
100%
|
Biotin
|
300 mcg
|
100%
|
Pantothenic Acid
|
10 mg
|
100%
|
Vitamin C
|
60 mg
|
100%
|
Fat-soluble vitamins
Avoid vitamin A supplements. Since this vitamin is fat-soluble, not water-soluble, it can build up to higher than normal levels in people on dialysis.
Vitamin E is also fat-soluble and is not removed by dialysis. However, some nephrologists recommend 400 to 800 IU per day of natural-source vitamin E, because some studies have found that it can help dialysis patients. Ask your doctor if he or she recommends vitamin E for you.
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